Guidebook – EGM

We have added two drop down menus to help you explore the evidence more easily. The first menu, Interventions, lets you choose an intervention and then shows all the outcomes linked to it. The second menu, Outcomes, works the other way around. When you select an outcome, it displays the interventions that have been studied for that outcome. This gives you two simple paths to navigate the Portal, so you can look at the evidence either from the intervention side or the outcome side, depending on what you need.

Interventions

Dynamic File Links

Access to Justice Feeling of Trust Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security. Political Security. Diplomatic Relations Presence and quality of social safety Social norms

Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Feelings of Trust Justice 1 Justice Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Political Security Social Safety Nets Sense of Belonging Transition of Power

Access to Justice Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Educational Security Feelings of Trust Food Security Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Outcome Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Sense of Belonging SGBV Social Norms Regarding Violence Transitions of Power

Nature and scale of violence

Access to Justice Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Feeling of Trust Food and Health Security Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Social Norms Regarding Violence Physical Security Transitions of Power

Nature and Scale of Violence Educational Security Physical Security Political Security Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Environmental Security Government Performance Transitions of Power Peace Processes: Food Security Peace Processes: Sense of Belonging

Diplomatic Relations Food and Nutrition Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Willingness to Participate or Help Government Performance Physical Security Access to Justice Justice Transition to Power SGBV

Access to Justice Civic Participation Economic Security Feelings of Trust Food Security Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Social Norms Willingness to Participate

Diplomatic Relations Economic security Nature and Scale of Violence

Feeling of Trust Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Civic Participation Political Security Willingness to Participate Diplomatic Relations

Access to Justice Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Feelings of Trust Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Social Norms Willingness to Participate Social Safety Nets Intermediate Social Cohesion Justice Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

Civic Participation Food and Health Security Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Educational Security Feeling of Trust Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Outcome Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Political Security Sense of Belongingness Social Norms Willingness to Help Access to Justice Intergroup Contact

Access to Justice Civic Participation Economic Security Feelings of Trust Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Outcomes Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Participate Sense of Belonging Diplomatic Relations

Access to Justice Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Educational Security Environmental Security Feeling of Trust Food Security Government Performance Nature & Scale of Violence Intermediate Social Cohesion Outcomes Social Norms Safety Nets Political Security

Access to Justice Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Educational Security Environmental Security Feeling of Trust Food Security Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Political Security Sense of Belongingness Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Participate

Access to Justice Civic Participation Economic Security Government Performance Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Political Security Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Help Transition of Power Feelings of Trust Food Security Sense of Belonging Diplomatic Relations

Govt. Performance Nature and scale of violence

Access to Justice Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Feeling of Trust Food Security Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Nature and Scale of Violence Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Participate Educational Security Physical Security Political Security

Physical Security Sense of Belonging Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Food Security Access to Justice Economic Security Feelings of Trust Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Justice Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Social Norms Regarding Violence Transitions of Power Willingness to Participate

Access to Justice Diplomatic Relations Download Document

Food Security Economic Security Feelings of Trust Intermediate Social Cohesion Nature and Scale of Violence Social Norms Regarding Violence Social Safety Nets

Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Feelings of Trust Intermediate Social Cohesion Scale of Violence

Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Educational Security Environmental Security Food Security Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Willingness to Participate Economic Security Educational Security (DOCX) Feelings of Trust Food Security (DOCX) Nature and Scale of Violence

Civic Participation Economic Security Government Performance Physical Security Social Safety Nets Access to Justice Educational Security Educational Security (Duplicate) Feelings of Trust Food Security Intermediate Social Cohesion Nature and Scale of Violence Political Security Sense of Belonging Social Norms on Violence Willingness to Participate

Sense of Belonging Civic Participation Diplomatic Relations Economic Security Educational Security Feelings of Trust Food Security Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Outcomes Nature and Scale of Violence Physical Security Political Security Social Safety Nets Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Participate

Nature and Scale of Violence Peaceful Dispute Resolution

Access to Justice Civic Participation Economic Security Feelings of Trust Government Performance Intermediate Social Cohesion Nature and Scale Physical Security Political Security Sense of Belongingness Social Norms Regarding Violence Willingness to Help SGBV Report

Outcomes

Geographic Scope

The EGM covers more than 80 countries, with a primary focus on low- and middle-income contexts. It incorporates diverse geographical and conflict settings, including ongoing conflict zones, post-conflict recovery environments, and fragile states with heightened risk factors. This distribution helps identify how context shapes intervention effectiveness and where additional research is necessary.

Intervention Themes

Interventions are grouped into thematic categories such as peacekeeping, economic programming, governance and legal reform, media, and community mobilization. Each category is analyzed across outcomes like violence reduction, participation, social trust, and institutional legitimacy. This thematic structure supports cross-comparison and evidence synthesis across sectors.

Evidence Quality

Each intervention-outcome combination is summarized in a cell, coded by effect size (positive, adverse, or no effect) and a confidence rating (low, medium, high). This structure provides a standardized view of robustness and reliability. While 16% of cells show large positive effects, 84% remain in the low-confidence category, emphasizing the need for more rigorous and targeted research.

Findings Overview

Peacekeeping operations are linked to reductions in violence and improved access to justice. However, these effects are generally small and contingent on specific mission design and mandate scope.
Media interventions, especially when paired with interpersonal engagement strategies like dialogue forums, have shown a positive influence on civic participation and accountability outcomes.
Community-based and land tenure programs show consistent, moderate-to-large effects across multiple outcome areas, including education access, food security, and community trust.
Evidence on conditional foreign aid is mixed. While some studies report improved democratic indicators, others highlight the risk of exacerbating instability depending on local implementation and context.